What Are The Biblical Weights and Measures in Modern Terms?

What Are The Biblical Weights and Measures in Modern Terms?

Coming across unfamiliar terms describing weights and measurements while reading the Bible can prevent the reader from fully understanding what is being described. Just as we use measurements today in our daily interactions, whether it be in making a recipe, following driving directions, or determining prices, all peoples throughout history have used measurements in their own cultures. Knowing modern-day equivalents to the measurements in the Bible will help the readers understand and relate to the biblical account.

Measurements can be divided into weight (often used for money), distance, dry capacity, and liquid capacity. Here is a list of some biblical measurements and their approximate US and Metric equivalents.

Weight:

Talent (60 minas) is 75 pounds or 34 kilograms.

Mina (50 shekels) is 1.25 pounds or .6 kilograms (600 grams).

Shekel (2 bekas) is 2/5 of an ounce or 11.5 grams.

Pim (10 gerahs) is 1/5 of an ounce or 5.7 grams.

Beka (10 gerahs) is 1/5 of an ounce or 5.7 grams.

Gerah is 1/50 of an ounce or .6 grams (600 milligrams).

Money:

Shekel is a silver Hebrew coin that is 11.5 grams of silver.

Gerah is a silver Hebrew coin that is .6 grams of silver and is sometimes referred to as "ma'ah" meaning "money."

Prutah is a copper Hebrew coin that is .22 grams of copper.

A talent of gold is 3000 silver shekels.

Silver dinar is a silver Roman coin that is 4.26 grams of silver and is called a Zuz in Hebrew. The silver dinar was equal to one days' wages.

Mina is a silver Roman coin that is 425 grams of silver (or 100 Zuz/Dinarii).

Gold dinar is a gold Roman coin that is 8 grams of gold.

Issar is a copper Roman coin that is .177 grams of copper.'

Pundion is a copper Roman coin that is .349 grams of copper.

Distance:

Cubit is 18 inches or .5 meters.

Span is 9 inches or 23 centimeters.

Handbreadth is 3 inches or 8 centimeters.

Finger is 3/4 of an inch or 1.8 centimeters.

Yoke is the amount of land a pair of yoked oxen could plow in a single day or about 1/3 of an acre.

Dry Capacity:

Homer (or Cor) (10 ephahs) comes from the Hebrew word for donkey or ass, so this measurement was approximately one donkey-load or a little over 5 bushels (200 quarts or 220 liters.

Lethek (5 ephahs) is 2.7 bushels or 110 liters.

Ephah (10 comers) or 3/5 of a bushel or 22 liters.

Seah (1/3 ephah) is 7 quarts or 2 liters.

Omer (1.10 ephah) is 2 quarts or 2 liters.

Cab (1/18 ephah) is 1 quart or 1 liter.

Liquid Capacity:

Bath is the liquid equivalent of 1 Ephah or 5.5 gallons or 22 liters.

Hin ((1/6 bath) is 1 gallon (4 quarts) or 4 liters.

Log (1/72 bath) is 1/3 of a quart (11 ounces) or 3 liters.

The previous measurements are approximate and not intended to be mathematically precise. It's also important to note that measurements differed at various times and places throughout the Bible. There were often royal measurements and common measurements by the same name which differed slightly. The cubits in the book of Ezekiel are 1/6 longer than the cubits mentioned elsewhere in the Bible. However, the previous list of approximate measurements should help the reader have an idea of the basic measurements being described in the Bible.

~Compelling Truth~ 

John Bunyan's Dying Words # 4

John Bunyan's Dying Words # 4

A man would be counted a fool to slight a judge, before whom he is to have a trial of his whole estate. The trial we have before God is of otherwise importance, it concerns our eternal happiness or misery; and yet dare we affront Him?

The only way for us to escape that terrible judgment, is to be often passing a sentence of condemnation upon ourselves here!

When the sound of the trumpet shall be heard which shall summon the dead to appear before the tribunal of God - the righteous shall hasten out of their graves with joy to meet their Redeemer in the clouds. The others shall call to the mountains and hills to fall upon them, to cover them from the sight of their Judge! Let us therefore in time be posing ourselves which of the two we shall be.

On the Joys of Heaven.

There is no good in this life but what is mingled with some evil: honors perplex, riches disquiet, and pleasures ruin health.

But in Heaven we shall find blessings in their purity, without any ingredients to embitter, with everything to sweeten them.

O! who is able to conveive the inexpressible, inconceivable joys that are there? None but they who have tasted of them. Lord, help us to put such a value upon them here, that in order to prepare ourselves for them, we may be willing to forego the loss of all those deluding pleasures here.

How will the heavens echo for joy, when the bride, the Lamb's wife, shall come to dwell with her Husband forever!

Christ is the desire of nations, the joy of angels, the delight of the Father! What solace then must that soul be filled with that has the possession of Him to all eternity!

O! what acclamations of joy will there be when all the children of God shall meet together, without fear of being disturbed by the anti-christian!

Of The Torments of Hell.

Heaven and salvation are not surely more promised to the godly - then hell and damnation is threatened to, and executed on the wicked.

O! who knows the power of God's wrath! None but the damned ones!

Sinners' company are the devil and his angels, tormented in everlasting fire with a curse.

Hell would be a kind of paradise, if it were no worse than the worst of this world.

As different as grief is from joy, as torment from rest, as terror from peace - so different is the state of sinners from that of saints in the world to come.

When once a man is damned, he may bid adieu to all pleasures!

~John Bunyan~

John Bunyan's Dying Words # 3

John Bunyan's Dying Words # 3

Of the Love of the World.

Nothing more hinders a soul from coming to Christ, than a vain love of the world; and until a soul is freed from it, it can never have a true love for God.

What are the honors and riches of this world - when compared to the glories of a crown of life?

Love not the world; for it is a moth in a Christian's life.

To despise the world is the way to enjoy Heaven; and bless4ed are they who delight in converse with God by prayer.

What folly can be greater than to labor for the meat that perishs - and neglect the food of eternal life?

God or the world must be neglected at parting time, for then is the time of trial.

To seek yourself in this life, is to be lost; and to be humble is to be exalted.

The epicure that delights in the dainties of this world, little thinks that those very creatures will one day witness against him!

Of Suffering

It is not every suffering that makes a martyr, but suffering for the word of God after a right manner. That is, not only for righteousness, but for righteousness' sake; not only for truth, but out of love to truth; not only for God's Word, but according to it; to wit, in that holy, humble, meek manner, as the Word of God requires.

It is a rare thing to suffer aright, and to have my spirit in suffering bent only against God's enemy, sin; sin in doctrine, sin in worship, sin in life, and sin in conversation.

The devil nor men of the world can kill your righteousness or, love to it, but by your own hand; or separate that and you asunder, without your own act. Nor will he who does indeed suffer for the sake of it, or out of love he bears thereto, be tempted to exchange it for the good will of all the world.

I have often thought that the best of Christians are found in the worst of times. And I have thought again that one reason why we are no better, is because God purges us no more. Noah and Lot - who so holy as they in the time of their afflictions? And yet who so idle as they in the time of their prosperity?

Of Death and Judgment

As the devil labors by all means to keep out other things that are good, so to keep out of the heart as much as in him lies, the thoughts of passing from this life into another world; for he knows if he can but keep them from the serious thoughts of death, he shall the more easily keep them in their sins.

Nothing will make us more earnest in working out the work of our salvation, than a frequent meditation of morality. Nothing has greater influence for the taking off our hearts from vanities,and for the begetting in us desires after holiness.

O sinner, what a condition will you fall into when you depart this world! If you depart unconverted, you had better have been smothered the first hour you were born; you had better have been plucked one limb from another; you had better have been made a dog, a toad, a serpent, if you die unconverted, and this you will find true if you repent not.

~John Bunyan~

(continued with # 4)

John Bunyan's Dying Sayings # 2

John Bunyan's Dying Sayings # 2

Of Prayer

Before you enter into prayer, ask your soul these questions: To what end, O my soul, are you retired into this place? Are you not come to discourse the Lord in prayer? Is He present - will He hear you? Is He merciful - will He help you? Is your business slight - is it not concerning the welfare of your soul? What words will you use to move Him to compassion?

To make your preparation complete, consider: that you are but dust and ashes - and He the great God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who clothes Himself with light as with a garment; that you are a vile sinner- and He is a holy God; that you are but a poor crawling worm - ahd He the omnipotent Creator.

In all your prayers, forget not to thank the Lord for His mercies.

When you pray, rather let your heart be without words - than your words without heart.

Prayer will make a man cease from sin - or sin will entice a man to cease from prayer.

The spirit of prayer is more precious than treasures of gold and silver.

Pray often, for prayer is a shield to the soul, a sacrifice to God, and a scourge for satan.


Of the Lord's Day, Sermons, and week days.

Have a special care to sanctify the Lord's day; for as you keep it, so it will be with you all the week long.

Make the Lord's day the market-day for your soul.

Let the whole day be spent in prayer, repetitions, or meditations.

Lay aside the affairs of the other parts of the week.

Let your sermon you have heard be converted into prayer.

Shall God allow you six days - and will you not afford Him one?

In the church be careful to serve God - for you are in His eyes, and not in man's.

You may hear sermons often, and do well in practicing what you hear; but you must not expect to be told in a pulpit all that you ought to do, but be studious in searching the scriptures, and reading good books.

What you hear may be forgotten, but what you read may better be retained.

Forsake not the public worship of God - lest God forsake you, not only in public, but in private.

In the week days, when you rise in the morning, consider that you must die; you may die that minute; what will become of your soul? Pray often.

At night, consider: what sins you have committed; how often you have prayed; what has your mind been bent upon; what has been your conversation; if you call to mind the errors of the day, sleep not without a confession to God, and a hope of pardon.

Thus every morning and evening, make up your accounts with Almighty God, and your reckoning will be the less at last.

~John Bunyan~

(continued with # 3)

John Bunyan's Dying Sayings # 1

John Bunyan's Dying Sayings # 1

Of Sin

Sin is the great block and bar to our happiness, the procurer of all miseries to man, both here and hereafter. Take away sin, and nothing can hurt us - for death, temporal, spiritual, and eternal, is the wages of it.

Sin, and man for sin, is the object of the wrath of God. How dreadful, therefore, must his case be who continues in sin! For who can bear or grapple with the wrath of God?

No sin against God can be little, because it is against the great God of Heaven and earth; but if the sinner can find out a little god, it may be easy to find out little sins.

Sin turns all God's grace into wantonness - it is the dare of His justice, the rape of His mercy, the jeer of His patience, the slight of His power, and the contempt of His love!

 Take heed of giving yourself liberty of committing one sin, for that will lead you to another; until, by an ill custom, it becomes natural.

To begin a sin, is to lay a foundation for a continuance; this continuance is the mother of custom, and impudence at last the outcome.

The death of Christ gives us the best discovery of ourselves - in what condition we were, in that nothing could help us but that; and the most clear discovery of the dreadful nature of our sins. For if sin be so dreadful a thing as to wring the heart of the Son of God, how shall a poor wretched sinner be able to bear it?

Of Affliction

Nothing can render affliction so insupportable as the load of sin; would you, therefore, be fitted for afflictions, be sure to get the burden of your sins laid aside; and then what afflictions soever you may meet with will be very easy for you.

If you can hear and bear the rod of affliction which God shall lay upon you, remember this lesson - you are beaten that you may be better.

The Lord uses his flail of tribulation to separate the chaff from the wheat!

The school of the Cross is the school of light - it discovers the world's vanity, baseness, and wickedness, and lets us see more of God's mind. Out of dark affliction, comes a spiritual light.

In times of affliction, we commonly meet with the sweetest experiences of the love of God.

Did we heartily renounce the pleasures of this world, we would be very little troubled for our afflictions; that which renders an afflicted state so insupportable to many, is because they are too much addicted to the pleasures of this life, and so cannot endure that which makes a separation between them.

Of Repentance and Coming to Christ

The end of affliction is the discovery of sin, and of that to bring us to the Saviour. Let us therefore, with the prodigal, return unto Him, and we shall find ease and rest.

A repenting penitent, though formerly as bad as the worst of men - may, by grace, become as good as the best.

To be truly sensible of sin, is to sorrow for displeasing of God; to be afflicted that he is displeased by us, more than that He is displeased with us.

Your intentions to repentance, and the neglect of that soul-saving duty, will rise up in judgment against you.

The gospel of grace and salvation is above all doctrines the most dangerous, if it be received in word only by graceless men - if it be not attended with a sensible need of a Saviour, and brings them to Him. For such men as have only the notion of it, are of all men most miserable - for by reason of their knowing more than heathens, this only shall be their final portion, that they shall have greater stripes.

~John Bunyan~

(continued with # 2)

The Sepulcher In The Garden

The Sepulcher in The Garden

"In the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden was a sepulcher, in which no one had ever been laid." (John 19:4).

1. Sin obtrudes itself in the fairest scenes.   You see around a cross a multitude come together to perform the foulest act ever perpetrated. The object of their hatred has never wronged them; but, on the contrary, has ever blessed them. His character presented an assemblage of graces such as the world had never witnessed. And now He hangs on a Cross in a garden! What a place for the perpetration of such a crime! A garden! where nature seems best fitted to exert a soothing influence on the angry passions! Surely nature cannot have her sanctuary violated by such an outrage.

Thus the text contains a most emphatic refutation of the fiction that by giving them access to natural beauty you may restrain the wickedness, if not transform the character of men. True, there is nothing in what is beautiful, whether in nature or art, unfavorable to religion - but very much by which religious feelings may be induced and fostered. And, certainly, they are not the worst Christians who have the most extensive and loving acquaintance with nature's works.

But nevertheless the influence which these things exert depends entirely on the state of mind with which they are surveyed. They may foster and strengthen feelings which already exist; but they have no power to produce feelings which are not there. They have no power to change the heart, so as to make bad men good.

One of the loveliest scenes in the world is the site of Pompeii, but it would seem that God has preserved her ruins that she might testify to the nineteenth century, that she resembled Sodom in the depth of her wickedness before she resembled her in the terribleness of her overthrow. Man fell in Eden angels sinned in Heaven.

"In the place where He was crucified there was a garden."

2. Sorrow mingles with all earthly enjoyment. "In the garden was a sepulcher." How emblematical of human life in which every joy is marred by some sorrow, and the presence or the memory or the prospect of death casts its shadow over all. It is a good thing to be reminded that there is no such thing here as pleasure without drawback or alloy.

Of Naaman the Syrian, it is said that "he was captain of the host," but he was a leper! Of Haman we read how he told his wife and friends of his good fortune, and then, "Yet all this avails me nothing so long as I see Mrordecai," 

There is no rose without a thorn. In every garden there is a sepulcher.

3. The presence of Christ converts death into Life, and sorrow into joy. It was fit that the sepulcher should be placed in a garden, seeing it was to contain the body of our Lord. His presence there gave to the grave a significance which it had never possed before. The tomb which Christ lies, is a seed plot of immortality from which radiant and glorious forms shall spring; "for that which you sow is not quickened unless it dies."

4. As symbolic of how the presence of Jesus tends to change our sorrow into joy - Christ in the sepulcher transforms the receptacle of death into the source of higher life. And therefore have no sepulcher without a Saiour in it no trouble in which you do not seek to have the presence of your Lord. A life of pleasure would neither be so desirable nor so profitable, as a life whose sorrows are sanctified by fellowship with Christ.

Nor should you seek, as is sometimes done, to have the sepulcher of your own fashioning, saying, "If I had only such-and-such trials, I could bear them well: I should not complain if I were only like so-and-so." No man ever got to choose his own trials. He who gives the garden, gives the sepulcher with it; and determines at once his position and its form. All that you need is to have Christ in it!

~W. Landells~

(The End)

Bitter and Sweet # 2

Bitter and Sweet # 2

But it is not all bitter, there are also HIDDEN JOYS. "No one else can fully share its joy." No stranger can understand it, share it, or at times even disturb it.

There is the joy of salvation - when after conviction, depression, seeking,sighing, and sorrowing - the Lord appears and says unto the soul, "I am your salvation!"

There is the joy of faith - when we are enabled to claim, appropriate, and plead the promises. Then we see their suitability, taste their sweetness, and feel their power. We draw water with joy out of these wells of salvation.

Then there is the joy produced by a believing view of Jesus - when the Holy Spirit reveals His glory and beauty to us - filling our minds with the sweetest thoughts, and our hearts with the choicest delight. O how glorious is His Person, how excellent is His love, how perfect is His work, how precious is His blood, how sweet is His voice, and how ravishing is the thought of being with Him forever!

Our souls are now full of Christ. We can think of nothing else, speak of nothing else, enjoy nothing else! Jesus is all fair, all lovely, all glorious - and we rejoice in Him with joy unspeakable and full of glory.

If believers know more or less of what the Lord's visits mean, when Jesus comes to manifest Himself unto us as He does not unto the world - when He comes, that He may sup with us, and we with Him. Then we can say with the Spouse, "My Beloved is mine - and I am His!"

These are joys which sanctify and satisfy the soul. They are generally enjoyed in secret - no stranger can intrude or understand them. For the loving Lord, and His beloved child - enjoy themselves alone, and appear to fill each other's hearts.

There are secret joys in religion. Pleasure unknown to all - but believers themselves. Joy that is solid, substantial, and durable. Joy often, in the midst of sorrow, for when all without is dark and dreary - then the candle of the Lord often shines brightest within. Joy, that is more than enough to counter balance all the sorrows we endure.

The joy of hope - looking forward into the future; and the joy of possession - when the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts, by the Holy Spirit which is given to us.

Our sorrows and our joys are alike peculiar unto ourselves; but our sorrows all end at death - while our joys will last forever!

Reader, do you know anything of this experience in your own soul? All of the Lord's people do, more or less. All are not alike deeply taught, nor deeply tried - but all know what sorrow for sin is, and what the joy of salvation is. All have some peculiar cause of bitterness - and all hidden sources of joy.

If you are quite a stranger to them - can you be a Christian? What a question is this? Not a Christian! Why if you are not, you are an unbeliever, and Jesus has said, "He who believes not - shall be damned!" If you are not a Christian, you do not believe on the Son of God, and He said, "He who does not believe - is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God."

But do not write bitter things against yourself, because you have not passed through all that I have written - but rather bless God that you have escaped the bitter, and look forward to the enjoyment of the sweet - for there is unspeakable joy and endless glory before you!

Boast not, O sons of earth,
Nor look with scornful eyes,
Above your highest mirth,
Our saddest hours we prize. 
For though our cup seems filled with gall,
There's something secret,sweetens all.

~James Smith~

(The End)